Ocean Motion
Chapter 17
Ocean Water
Section 17.1
Where did the water in Earths Oceans come from?
Where did the water in Earths Oceans come from?
Volcanoes water vapor condensed to clouds - rain
Make a circle graph to show the percentage of Earths surface that is ocean.
Make a circle graph to show the percentage of Earths surface that is ocean
Where does the salt in the ocean come from?
Where does the salt in the ocean come from?
Rivers
Ground water
Volcanoes
Atmosphere
How much of the ocean water is salt?
How much of the ocean water is salt?
3.5%
How much of the ocean water is salt?
3.5%
3.5 grams in 100 grams of ocean water
How much of the ocean water is salt?
3.5%
3.5 grams in 100 grams of ocean water
How much of the ocean water is salt?
3.5%
3.5 grams in 100 grams of ocean water
35 grams in 1000 grams of ocean water
How much of the ocean water is salt?
3.5%
3.5 grams in 100 grams of ocean water
35 grams in 1000 grams of ocean water
35 parts per 1000
How much of the ocean water is salt?
3.5 %
3.5 grams in 100 grams of ocean water
35 grams in 1000 grams of ocean water
35 parts per 1000
35
What ions are in the ocean and in what quantity?
What ions are in the ocean and in what quantity?
Sodium 30.6 %
Chloride - 55 %
Magnesium - 3.7 %
Sulfate - 7.7 %
Calcium - 1.2 %
Potassium - 1.1 %
Others - 0.7 %
Problem: How much sodium is in 100 grams of ocean salt?
Problem: How much sodium is in 100 grams of ocean salt?
100 X 30.6% =
100 X .306 =
30.6 grams
How much sodium is in 100 grams of ocean water?
How much sodium is in 100 grams of ocean water?
100 grams X 3.5 % X 30.6 % =
100 grams X .035 X .306 = 1.071 grams
Ocean Currents
Section 17.2
What is an ocean current?
What is an ocean current?
A mass movement or flow of ocean water.
Classification of ocean currents?
Horizontal
Surface
Middle
Deep
Vertical
Upwelling
Density currents
What factors influence surface currents?
What factors influence surface currents?
Wind
Coriolis effect
Land masses
What is the Gulf Stream?
What is the Gulf Stream?
Warm current of the east coast of U.S.
How do ocean currents affect coastal temperatures?
How do ocean currents affect coastal temperatures?
Summer cool currents cool coast
Winter warm currents warm coast
What is an Upwelling?
What is an Upwelling?
Wind blows of shore
Pulls up deep water
Brings nutrients
Good fishing
What cause density currents?
What cause density currents?
More dense seawater sinks under less dense water
Where and when do density currents occur?
Where and when do density currents occur?
Winter near poles water freezes leaving salt water becomes more dense
How fast do deep density currents move?
How fast do deep density currents move?
Very slowly
Pacific ocean 1000 years from Antarctica to Equator
Atlantic ocean 275 years from Antarctica to Equator
Ocean Waves and Tides
Section 17.3
Define a wave.
Define a wave.
Rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space
Draw a complete wave.
Label the wave.
What causes waves in oceans?
What causes waves in oceans?
Wind
Earthquakes
Gravitational forces of the moon and sun
Distinguish between the movement of water particles and energy of a wave.
Distinguish between the movement of water particles and energy of a wave.
Particles circular in deep water
Energy direction of wave
How is the speed of a wave calculated?
Distinguish between the movement of water particles and energy of a wave.
C = L/T
C speed
L wavelength
T period of wave
What causes breakers?
What causes breakers?
Friction slows wave
Wavelength decreases
Wave height increases
Wave falls forward
How do wind waves grow?
Friction between wind and water cause water to pile up.
What factors affecting wind waves?
What factors affecting wind waves?
Wind blows for long time
over long distance(fetch).
Strong wind
What causes tides?
What causes tides?
Gravitational attraction of moon and sun
What are Neap and Spring Tides?
What are Neap and Spring Tides?
Neap tide
Medium tides
Quarter moon (twice a month)
Moon, earth, and sun for right angle
Spring tide
Extreme tides
Full moon
New moon
Moon, earth, and sun line up in straight line
